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14 Different Types of Salt, How to Use each, and Substitutions

Salt complements and amplifies the flavor of almost anything it touches. It's a magic ingredient, and the most used in BBQ, or any form of cooking. In this article, we look at the most common types, their flavor notes, when and how to use each, and a few substitutions you can make if needed.

Jim Wright
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Last Updated: March 23, 2022

Different types of salt in bowls, in scoops, and spread out on a wooden table.

This article describes the origins, content, and uses of 14 common types of salt, including flavor notes and substitution guidelines.

The use of salt as a seasoning dates back many thousands of years. There may be no simpler way to make something bland taste at least palatable. And while once upon a time it was an expensive luxury, today it’s dirt cheap and readily available.

Or, at least, it can be.

There are many kinds of salt to choose from for the modern chef, ranging from cheap and basic to expensive and exotic. Which should you choose and why? I’m glad you asked.

I’m going to give a brief overview of 14 different kinds of salt, including where they come from, what they’re good for, and what special properties they bring to your cooking. We’ve also got tips for saving money and swapping out one salt for another.

Read on for a shaker-full of vital information you don’t have to take with a grain of salt.

Don’t ‘Waste’ Expensive Salts

Let’s start on a practical note: all salt is nearly 100% sodium chloride. Not surprisingly, it all tastes virtually the same, especially when it’s combined with other ingredients. The minerals that supposedly impart different flavors are in such minute quantities, you will never know the difference once it’s blended into the mix.

So, why would you pay a premium price?

Well, the backstories are enticing, of course. It’s a romantic notion, thinking your salt comes from a hand-tended salt pan on the edge of France or a remote mine in the mountains of Pakistan. And yes, when used for finishing — like a few curled flakes sprinkled on a square of premium chocolate or a pinch of large, pink crystals on a ribeye — you will detect a difference from your table salt.

Just don’t use those expensive salts (some of them are extremely dear) in your rubs and sauces or for baking. You’re throwing away your money, no matter what anyone else says.

My opinion: use the cheapest salt you can when no one is looking and have a grinder or small bowl of fancy stuff positioned where your guests can see it for added cachet.

The 14 Most Common Different Types of Salt

If you start counting the regional and flavored types of salt, the list of salts in the world gets out of hand quickly. Let’s keep this manageable, shall we?

Here’s a baker’s dozen plus one that you need to know, of the most common different types of salt, with some epic gourmet salts thrown in.

Table Salt

A shaker of table salt on it's side, lid off, some spilled onto the ta.

Origins and Composition: Rock salt mined all over the world and purified to 97–99% sodium chloride. The remainder is usually anti-caking agents to keep salt free-flowing.

Flavor and Uses: It’s salt; it tastes salty, but a touch of bitterness is present. This is perhaps the most basic flavoring on Earth and probably one of the oldest. Salt makes bland food taste better and enhances natural flavors. The small size of table salts pieces makes it ideal for sprinkling directly on food without adding noticeable texture, or for dissolving in liquids.

Relative Cost: Table salt is as cheap as it gets. Just to satisfy my curiosity, I did a bit of digging online — at the time of writing, you could buy a ton of salt (like an actual ton, not “lots and lots”) for about $70.

Kosher Salt

A bowl of kosher salt spilling out onto the ta.

Origins and Composition: Identical to table salt, but with larger crystals

Flavor and Uses: It tastes the same as table salt. The large crystals give it extra surface area, so the flavor impact is more intense. It’s commonly used for brining and making kosher meat.

Grillers and smokers love it for rubs because it adheres well and is easier to work with than table salt. It’s the salt we recommend to use when making our best brisket rub, best chicken rub, or indeed any BBQ dry rub.

Relative Cost: Slightly more expensive than table salt, but still pretty cheap

Sea Salt

A bowl of sea salt with a few flakes surrounding it on a ta.

Origins and Composition: Evaporated seawater with varying content of trace minerals, depending on the source.

Flavor and Uses: Light and salty but with large crystals; it’s excellent as a finishing salt and in rubs. A few sprinkles on a grilled steak are divine, and it’s just as good on chocolate or caramel.

Relative Cost: Making sea salt is labor-intensive, so expect to pay about twice as much per ounce for sea salts as you would table salt.

Flake Salt

Flake salt being sprinkled into a heap on a table by a mans h.

Origins and Composition: Sea salt that happens to form flakes rather than crystals.

Flavor and Uses: Flake salt tastes the same as regular sea salt, but it performs differently in recipes. The flakes stick to food more efficiently than traditional granules, thanks to the increased surface area and light weight. They dissolve quickly, too, imparting flavor but leaving no texture. Flake salt looks great as a finish on meat and desserts.

Relative Cost: Pretty much the same as regular sea salt.

A note on commercial Flake Salt: You’re unlikely to get your hands on any, but there are flake salts made by mechanically compressing standard, mined salt crystals into thin flakes. Generally, these are sold in bulk for commercial and industrial applications since the thin flakes dissolve and bake readily without leaving any texture behind.

Himalayan Pink Salt

A pile of ink Himalayan sea salt with some on a wooden sp.

Origins and Composition: Mined in Pakistan, trace quantities of iron oxide add a pink hue to otherwise ordinary sodium chloride.

Flavor and Uses: This is a bit controversial — many fans of Himalayan Pink Salt claim it has a complex flavor with a hint of sweetness, while others say it tastes the same as table salt. Personally, I find it tastes “cleaner” than table salt, with considerably less bitterness when consumed on its own. When coarsely ground, it’s attractive as a finishing salt on meat or as a dipping salt for veggies or fried foods.

Relative Cost: Per ounce, Himalayan Pink Salt is as much as five times more expensive than table salt.

Andean Pink Salt

A pile of pink Andean sea salt, next to a bowl of the s.

Origins and Composition: Comes from saltwater springs in the Andes mountains of Peru and Bolivia. Contains many trace minerals and compounds but is primarily sodium chloride with a small amount of iron oxide.

Flavor and Uses: A pretty salt with a complex flavor profile, but not a lot different from Himalayan Pink Salt. Again, it makes an attractive finishing salt.

Relative Cost: In the neighborhood of 20 times more expensive per ounce than table salt.

Fleur De Sel

A close up of some Fleur Se Sel salt on a wooden sp.

Origins and Composition: Harvested by hand with wooden rakes from the top layer of saltwater pans around Europe and in parts of North and South America, but most famously on France’s Brittany coast. Usually off-white or gray, but occasionally is faintly pink due to the presence of saltwater microalgae.

Flavor and Uses: Fleur de sel is extremely fine and delicate, so it’s not suitable for cooking. It’s best to use it sparingly as a finishing salt on your very best meats and desserts for melt-in-your-mouth saltiness to pair with sweet and savory flavors.

Relative Cost: Pretty much the most expensive salt you can buy. Expect to pay 50–60 times as much per ounce versus regular table salt.

Sel Gris — Celtic Gray Sea Salt

A bowl and scoop full of Celtic gray sea s.

Origins and Composition: Harvested in the same manner as Fleur de sel, but from lower in the pool. It has high mineral content and is typically gray, hence the name.

Flavor and Uses: The fine-grain version is excellent for cooking, having a bit of a mineral tang. Coarse grain Sel Gris sea salts are better for finishing on meats and fish since it’s soft but still has a pleasant crunch.

Relative Cost: A bit less pricey than Fleur de sel, but still more than regular sea salt, and far more expensive than table salt.

Alaea — Hawaiian Red Salt

A bowl and spoon full of Hawaiian red s.

Origins and Composition: Sea salt from Hawaii mixed with red volcanic clay.

Flavor and Uses: The sodium content is much lower in Hawaiian Red Salt than in table salt, so some use it for health reasons. Of course, there’s a tendency to use more because it tastes less “salty,” thus negating the health benefits. The clay itself is said to be a detoxifier (if you’re into that), and the salt as a whole looks fabulous. If you want to cook up an authentic Hawaiian barbecue, this is the salt to use.

Relative Cost: Quite pricey, though not in the elite grouping consisting of the likes of Fleur de sel and Sel Gris. Tends to be 10–15 times more expensive than table salt.

Kala Namak — Himalayan Black Salt

A large spoon full of Himalayan black salt, with some spilled onto the ta.

Origins and Composition: Mined in the mountains of Pakistan, just like the pink salt, but contains greigite (a mineral that colors the salt a deep purple) and a trace amount of sulphur.

Flavor and Uses: The aroma and mild flavor of sulphur in Himalayan Black Salt make it taste a bit like eggs. You’ll sometimes find it in vegan recipes as a substitute for eggs, in fact. It’s not well known, but it is popular in Indian cuisine.

Relative Cost: Expensive; somewhere around 15 times more expensive than table salt.

A note on black salt: There are other salts labelled as black, like Hawaiian Black Lava Salt and Cyprus Black Flake Salt (next on the list!). Most of these have activated charcoal added for enhanced appearance and purported health benefits. None of the actual salt is naturally black, however.

Cyprus Black Flake Salt

A spoon full of Cyprus black flake salt isolated on wh.

Origins and Composition: Made from naturally evaporated Mediterranean Sea salt mixed with activated charcoal.

Flavor and Uses: Has that unique sea salt flavor but milder, owing to a lower sodium percentage. The flakes are uniquely pyramid-shaped and can be quite large. It makes a dramatic topping in terms of appearance, and it’s primarily used for aesthetics. Try Cyprus Black Flake Salt on salads, wedges, fish, or even in a salty cocktail rimmer.

Relative Cost: Very expensive, rivaling even Fleur de sel as one of the most expensive salts in the world.

Smoked Salt

A spoon full of smoked sea salt, some spilled onto the ta.

Origins and Composition: Sea salt flavored with wood smoke.

Flavor and Uses: The flavor depends on the wood used. You can purchase almost any variety imaginable, including cherry, hickory, oak, and more. It’s excellent for adding smoky flavor to rubs and sauces, making it an ideal choice for gas grillers and indoor cooking. It’s great as a finishing condiment, too.

Relative Cost: It’s a lot of time-consuming work smoking salt, so you will pay more than you would for regular sea salt. Priced similarly to Himalayan Pink Salt, many times more than table salt.

A note on smoked salt: Have a smoker in the yard? You can save a lot of money by purchasing regular sea salt and smoking it yourself over any flavor wood you like.

Curing Salt

Top view of a glass jar full of pink curing s.

Origins and Composition: Also known as Pink Curing Salt, Sel Rose, and Prague Powder, it’s made up of either primarily sodium chloride and a bit of sodium nitrite, or a mix of sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, and about 90% sodium chloride. Anti-caking agents are also present, plus a small amount of red dye to color it pink. The color is there for safety; if left white, curing salt could be confused for regular table salt, and consuming large quantities of curing salt can be toxic.

Flavor and Uses: The sole purpose of curing salt is for curing or brining meat for flavor and shelf stability. It adds saltiness, but it’s there to draw out moisture, the key to “curing” meat.

Relative Cost: It costs more than table salt or even sea salt but curing salt isn’t what you’d call expensive. Plus, you only use a small amount per curing, so it will last a long time.

Pickling Salt

A small sack full of pickling salt fallen onto its side and spilling .

Origins and Composition: Also known as canning salt, pickling salt is virtually pure sodium chloride, with no anti-caking additives.

Flavor and Uses: It tastes exactly like table salt but doesn’t flow as freely. Pickling salt is used for pickling or preserving and adds saltiness without coloring the brine or the food being pickled.

Relative Cost: This is as cheap as salt gets, costing about half as much per ounce as table salt.

Essential Salts Every Cook Should Stock

I don’t know about you, but I don’t have the room or budget for all these salts in my kitchen. Here are a few you should always have on hand.

Table Salt

Perhaps this goes without saying? Just in case it doesn’t, I’m saying it now: it costs next to nothing, you can use it for just about anything, and it never goes bad. Always have it on hand, even if you just use it in basic dry rubs, as a table condiment, or on your popcorn.

Kosher Salt or Sea Salt

There isn’t a lot of difference here, but you should have one or the other as part of the base of any dry rub, seasoning meats before grilling, or for a simple finish for any grilled meat.

Head shot of the editor, Mark jenner Editor’s Note

— Mark Jenner

Himalayan Pink Salt

It’s trendy and attractive, but not prohibitively expensive. The flavor is pure and delicious, it looks great as a finishing flourish, and it’s impressive in a grinder on your table when company comes. Necessary? Maybe not. But it helps establish your chef credentials.

Smoked Salt

Whether you make it yourself or buy it ready-to-use, always have this ace up your sleeve. Smoked salt is an easy way to quickly add smoky flavor when you don’t have the time or gear to smoke your food naturally or if it isn’t practical.

Salt Substitutions

Uh oh! You ran out of the salt you need, or you simply haven’t got it? While you might be tempted to simply sub in what you have (let’s face it; most salt tastes pretty much the same), a 1:1 trade doesn’t always work.

This is primarily due to differences in crystal sizes / grain size — a tablespoon of large crystals won’t contain as much salt as a tablespoon of finely ground salt, for example. Your average tablespoon of table salt contains 7000 mg of sodium. The same amount of Kosher salt will contain about 5800 mg. As you can imagine, this can lead to VERY different results than what was intended.

Check out our handy salt substitutions chart and save the day.

The go-to for salt conversions is Morton Salt, so I’ve borrowed some of their data. If you want the full chart, you’ll find it here.

Table SaltKosher Salt (Coarse)Sea Salt (Fine) Himalayan Pink Salt (Coarse)
1 teaspoon1 1/4 teaspoons1 teaspoon1 teaspoon
1 tablespoon1 tablespoon + 3/4 teaspoon1 tablespoon1 tablespoon + 1/4 teaspoon
1/4 cup1/4 cup + 1 tablespoon1/4 cup + 1/2 teaspoon1/4 cup + 1 1/2 teaspoons
1/2 cup1/2 cup + 2 tablespoons1/2 cup + 1 teaspoon1/2 cup + 1 tablespoon
3/4 cup3/4 cup + 3 tablespoons3/4 cup + 1 teaspoon3/4 cup + 4 teaspoons
1 cup1 1/4 cups1 cup + 1 teaspoon1 cup + 2 tablespoons
2 cups2 1/2 cups2 cups + 1 tablespoon2 1/4 cups

What about the flavor?

Don’t worry too much about changing the flavor when you substitute salts, especially in baking or cooking.

You may notice a difference between finishing salts, though this will mainly be from the texture differences. Of course, smoked salt is a notable exception (and flavored salts), given its unique properties.

A note on pickling salt

Never swap out pickling salt for other salts; the purity of pickling salt prevents discoloration of the brine and, potentially, the food itself.

When you need a fine grind but only have coarse salt

With a coffee grinder, salt mill, or food processor, you can grind coarse salt into a finer consistency. This may be useful if you want a salt that dissolves more readily into a sauce or for baking but only have a coarse grind available.

Can I make my own flaky salt?

I have never tried this, but others have. As we’ve discussed, there are many advantages to working with flaky salt. Apparently, it’s possible to make it at home from ordinary Kosher salt using sous vide equipment, a slow cooker, or an Instant Pot.

Frankly, I think the effort required far exceeds the results, especially since you could probably order some from Amazon and have it delivered in a similar time frame. But, if you love to DIY everything, here’s a link to a how-to article from Lifehacker.

Final Thoughts

And here ends our salty conversation. Experimenting with different salts is a fun way to broaden your culinary horizons and discover new taste sensations. It’s especially rewarding when you use them in ways that let each salt’s special properties shine, such as a pinch before plating or in a tasting flight for dipping and sprinkling.

If this article has you keen to try out some new dry rubs or learn more about using salt when grilling, pour yourself a beverage, sit back, and start browsing. What a delicious way to spend some free time!

Please get in touch if you have questions or comments, and we always love to hear your grilling stories. Don’t be a stranger; grilling is always better when it’s shared!

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Written By: Jim Wright

Hi, I’m Jim! I’ve been grilling for over 20 years over charcoal, wood, and gas. Now I’m happy to share my experience and discoveries with you.

When I’m not writing about barbecue, I’m usually writing about food anyway, at a food marketing agency: nourish.marketing. Aside from my family and the perfect steak, my passions include travel and all things Disney.

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1 Comments

  1. Thank you for the lesson about various salts and their origins, very interesting and provided me with some food for thought. I discovered rough sea salt made my boiled potatoes and veg taste a lot better about six months ago. A easy and simple dish made up of chips and two duck eggs with a sprinkle of fine sea salt could only be improved by adding a medium rare steak.
    I am a man of simple but wholesome food, meat & two veg is the norm. Bread bought has to be brown and well seeded or I make my own without a fancy machine.
    My barbecue was bought in Cyprus and is of the type most Cypriots have in their back garden, it uses the coals or wood. When I brought it home after my holiday i checked in at the Cyprus Airways desk and told them I was prepared to pay the extra due to its weight of almost 20Kg.
    I was told my barbecue would be on my flight and free of charge as they would put it down as exported. Now that Cyprus is in the EU would I be able to do that again – nope.
    Food always tastes better if cooked outside probably because its cooked like it may have been as the human race decided to move out of our caves. However you cannot make food cooked inside taste as good as it does cooked outside. A barbecue used in the kitchen still wouldn`t make the food taste quite the same. Two marinated lamb chops and some bacon for the sandwich all cooked on a barbecue can only be improved with an ice cold German beer.